Modern Telangana History

The provided document is titled "ఆధునిక తెలంగాణ చరిత్ర" (Modern Telangana History), covering the period 1948-2014. It is a Discipline Specific Elective Course-A for the third year, sixth-semester history students, published by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad in 2020. The course contains fifteen parts and five sections.

Key Topics Covered (1948-1956):

• Hyderabad State Integration

  • The Nizam's rule ended in 1948.

  • The state was forcibly merged into the Indian Union through "Police Action" (Operation Polo) from September 13 to September 18, 1948.

  • The Nizam's government resigned on September 17, 1948, and his army chief, Major General E.L. Edroos, surrendered on September 18, 1948.

• Interim Administrations

  • Military Rule (September 18, 1948 – December 31, 1949): Major General J.N. Chaudhuri was appointed Military Governor, while the Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, remained the constitutional head (later Raj Pramukh from January 26, 1950). Reforms included the abolition of Sarfe Khas (Nizam's private lands) and the Hali Sikka currency, and the abolition of the Jagirdari system. A report by the Pandit Sundarlal Committee noted that approximately 27,000 to 40,000 people, mostly Muslims and Communists, were killed during and after the Police Action.

  • Civil Administration (January 1, 1950 – January 31, 1952): M.K. Vellodi was appointed Chief Minister, replacing Chaudhuri following the Sundarlal Committee report. Vellodi's administration introduced Telugu and English as official languages, leading to the appointment of many Andhra region officials in government jobs, which later sparked the Mulki Movement.

• First General Elections (1952)

  • The elections were held in February 1952.

  • Out of 175 seats, the Congress Party won 93, the People's Democratic Front won 42, and the Socialist Party won 12.

  • Burgula Ramakrishna Rao Ministry (March 6, 1952 – October 31, 1956): Burgula Ramakrishna Rao became the first elected Chief Minister. His achievements include the implementation of the Gorwala Committee report to achieve a surplus budget, land reforms like the abolition of the Jagirdari system, and the introduction of mother-tongue instruction in schools.

• Movements:

  • Bhūdān Movement (1951): Launched by Vinoba Bhave in Pochampally, Nalgonda district, to address the land problem.

  • Mulki Movement (1952): Started due to the preference given to Andhra people in government jobs.