AP History

AP History Ramesh Naidu_Notes.pdf," covers the history of Andhra Pradesh, focusing on the advent of Europeans and subsequent events.

The advent of Europeans

• Portuguese: Alfanso-di-Albuquerque (1509-1515 AD) is considered the founder of the Portuguese power in India, occupying Goa in 1510 with the help of Krishna Deva Raya. Their centers on the West Coast included Goa, Diu, Daman, and Bassein.

• Dutch East India Company: The Dutch established their trade center at Machilipatnam in 1605 and Pulicat in 1610. Pulicat was their main headquarters until 1690, when it shifted to Nagapatnam. They were defeated by the English in the Battle of Badera in 1759.

• English East India Company: After receiving permission from Jahangir, the English set up a permanent factory at Surat in 1613. In 1640, Francis Day built Fort St. George in Madras.

• French East India Company: Founded in 1664, the first factory was set up at Surat in 1668 by Francois Carron. Francois Martin developed the village of Villigonda puram into Puducherry, which became an important center for the French. The French were defeated by Sir Eyre Coote in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760, which was part of the Third Carnatic War.

Conflicts and Agreements

• Carnatic Wars (Anglo-French Rivalry): There were three Carnatic Wars (1746-48, 1749-54, 1756-63). The First Carnatic War ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), which restored Madras to the English. The Second Carnatic War saw the French gaining Diu, Yanam, and Machilipatnam from Muzaffar Jung. The Third Carnatic War ended with the Treaty of Paris (1763).

• Anglo-Mysore Wars: There were four Anglo-Mysore Wars (1767-69, 1780-84, 1790-92, 1799). The first ended with the Treaty of Madras (1769). The second concluded with the Treaty of Mangalore (1784). The third ended with the Treaty of Srirangapatnam (1792), where Tipu Sultan had to give up half of his kingdom. Tipu Sultan lost his life in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799.

• Ceded Districts (Rayalaseema): Under the Subsidiary Alliance System, the districts of Kadapah, Kurnool, Anantpur, and Ballary were given to the English by Nizam and were called the Ceded Districts.

Revenue Systems

• Zamindari System: Introduced in 1802 in Madras State, the demand of the state was permanently fixed.

• Ryotwari System: Introduced by Thomas Munro in 1802 AD in Rayalaseema. The peasant directly paid tax to the Government.

• Gramwari/Mahalwari System: In this system, the village was taken as a unit for tax assessment, and the village headman collected and paid the taxes to the government.