7th Class General Science – Semester 1

Title: Science Textbook for Class VII, Semester 1.

Introduction: This book builds on the concepts from Class VI, emphasizing the connection between everyday experiences and scientific principles. It uses interactive characters, Paheli and Boojho, to guide students through inquiries and experiments.

Key Points:

Nutrition in Plants: Explains autotrophic nutrition through photosynthesis and heterotrophic modes like parasitism and saprotrophism.

Nutrition in Animals: Details the human digestive system, including the buccal cavity, food pipe, stomach, and intestines, as well as digestion in grass-eating animals.

Heat: Discusses the measurement of temperature using clinical and laboratory thermometers and the transfer of heat through conduction, convection, and radiation.

Acids, Bases, and Salts: Introduces indicators to distinguish between acidic and basic substances and explains the process of neutralization.

Physical and Chemical Changes: Differentiates between reversible physical changes and irreversible chemical changes like rusting and burning.

Respiration in Organisms: Covers aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans and other animals (e.g., cockroaches, earthworms).

Transportation in Animals and Plants: Explains the human circulatory system (blood, heart, blood vessels) and the transport of water and nutrients in plants via xylem and phloem.